background image
1980
199
0
2
000
20
1
0
20
20
20
3
0
20
4
0
20
50
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
i t i s i m pro ba b l e
that China can achieve
deep and rapid emissions cuts using only
currently available technologies. This fact
places limits on conventional ways of fore-
casting, which tend to say that if a target can-
not be achieved using available technology,
the target must be revised.
SEI's approach turns this convention on its
head: we fi rst map out reduction targets and
work backwards to identify the gaps in tech-
nology that must be bridged if the target is to
be achieved. We believe that this will enable
policymakers to be pro-active and bridge
technology gaps by targeting funds for
research and development.
This work is part of a broader project on
the economics of climate change in China,
and also draws on SEI's Greenhouse Deve-
lopment Rights framework (see page 29).
What's the scenario?
Our `deep carbon reduction scenario' (DCRS)
begins with the assumption that dramatic
cuts are attainable without affecting demo-
graphic and macroeconomic indicators. The
scenario examines the potential for energy
effi ciency and fuel switching across all major
sectors of the economy, including industry,
transport, households, services, and electri-
city generation.
We used our LEAP software tool to explore
the DCRS and examine the implications of a
56
% cut in China's emissions by 2050 against
2006
levels. We use a baseline scenario that
takes in historical trends in China's emissions
and projects forward to 2050. Up to 2030
this baseline closely matches trends published
in the 2008 International Energy Agency
World Energy Outlook. In contrast, the
DCRS predicts cuts of 85% up to 2050
compared with the baseline.
Ambitious, yet realistic
The next stage of the work is to consult with
our partners in China on whether our draft
assumptions are both plausible and desirable.
Their feedback will be used to design a
second, improved version of the scenario.
This will provide more refi ned information on
the measures that are needed to put China
on an ambitious but realistic path to deep
cuts in GHG emissions.
IN BRIEF
To achieve deep emissions cuts in China,
our scenario looks at the potential to:
· make big improvements in energy
effi ciency
· shift to electricity, heat and (where
possible) low carbon fuels
· increase public transport and introduce
high effi ciency freight transport
· retire ineffi cient coal fi red power
stations
· replace `dirty' coal with effi cient coal
with carbon capture and storage (CCS)
and renewable energy
· introduce large scale combined heat
and power and redesign industry to use
process heat effi ciently, and
· dematerialise the economy to some
extent (i.e. do more with less).
s e i a n n ua l r e p o r t 2008
i n n ovat i o n
19
w
w
w
.
e
n
e
rg
yco
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
.
o
rg
The world's most populous country now emits more greenhouse gas than any other. It is clear
that China has a decisive role in meeting global emissions targets. But how? SEI is challenging
conventional wisdom to create ambitious scenarios for deep cuts in China's emissions.
Deep and rapid cuts in China's emissions
Deep carbon reduction scenario for China compared
with current projected trends
The Shanghai maglev train. To help make deep
and rapid cuts in emissions, China needs more
investment in public transport infrastructure.
SU
PER
.
H
E
A
V
Y